/* Vietnam Expat, treatment private-office (1 Private office), from design/site/treatments.yml */
:root{--bg:#FAF7F0;--surface:#FFFFFF;--card:#FFFFFF;--alt:#F1ECE1;--line:#E2DACB;--ink:#1E2A24;--text:#36403A;--muted:#5E665F;--accent:#1F4D3A;--tint:#F1ECE1;--hd:#FAF7F0;--ft:#F1ECE1;--ftink:#36403A;--hair:#B08D57;--pill-bg:#FAF7F0;--pill-bg-h:#EFE9DC;--pill-ink:#1F4D3A;--pill-line:#1F4D3A;--pill-solid:#1F4D3A;--pill-solid-h:#173B2C;--warn:#8A4B2F;--disp:"Source Serif 4",Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif;--body:"Figtree",system-ui,-apple-system,"Segoe UI",sans-serif;--dw:500;--dls:-.012em;--h1ls:-.015em;--radius:3px;--scrim:20,18,16}
/* Vietnam Expat site skeleton (round 5 homepage skeleton plus the article template), shared by every treatment.
   Colours, faces, weights, radii and hairlines are tokens set by design/site/treatments.yml, written above this file
   by site_design.py as one :root block. No value in this file names a treatment.
   House rules kept here: no left accent bars, no decorative gradients (the only gradients are dark scrims under text
   that sits on a photo), 16px side gutter at phone width, 44px tap targets, visible focus, reduced motion. */

*{box-sizing:border-box}
html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;scroll-padding-top:90px;scroll-behavior:smooth}
@media (max-width:1099px){html{scroll-padding-top:136px}}
body{margin:0;background:var(--bg);color:var(--text);font:400 clamp(15px,.25vw + 14.2px,17px)/1.6 var(--body);font-weight:var(--bw,400);font-feature-settings:"kern" 1;overflow-x:clip;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;text-rendering:optimizeLegibility}
img{max-width:100%}
a{color:inherit}
h1,h2,h3{font-family:var(--disp);font-weight:var(--dw);letter-spacing:var(--dls);color:var(--ink);margin:0;line-height:1.1}
::selection{background:var(--tint);color:var(--ink)}
input{caret-color:var(--ink)}
:root{accent-color:var(--ink);--gut:clamp(16px,4vw,40px);--sec:clamp(30px,3.4vw,56px);--gap:clamp(8px,1vw,14px);--a:.64}
.wrap{width:min(100% - 2*var(--gut),1240px);margin-inline:auto}
.sr,.visually-hidden{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);white-space:nowrap;border:0}
:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--ink);outline-offset:3px}
.on-photo :focus-visible{outline-color:#fff}
.skip{position:absolute;left:var(--gut);top:-60px;z-index:100;background:var(--surface);color:var(--ink);padding:10px 16px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:999px;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;min-height:44px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center}
.skip:focus{top:10px}

/* ---------- buttons: outlined pills, one solid pill ---------- */
.btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:8px;min-height:44px;padding:0 clamp(16px,1.6vw,22px);border-radius:999px;background:var(--pill-bg);color:var(--pill-ink);border:1px solid var(--pill-line);font:600 15px var(--body);letter-spacing:.01em;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;white-space:nowrap;transition:background-color .15s ease,border-color .15s ease,color .15s ease,transform .08s ease}
.btn:hover{background:var(--pill-bg-h);border-color:var(--pill-ink)}
.btn:active{transform:translateY(1px)}
.btn.solid{background:var(--pill-solid);border-color:var(--pill-solid);color:#fff}
.btn.solid:hover{background:var(--pill-solid-h);border-color:var(--pill-solid-h)}
.on-photo .btn:not(.solid){background:#fff;border-color:#fff;color:var(--pill-ink)}
.on-photo .btn:not(.solid):hover{background:#F2F0EC}

/* ---------- header ---------- */
.hd{background:var(--hd);position:sticky;top:0;z-index:30;border-bottom:1px solid var(--hair)}
.hd-top{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:clamp(8px,1.2vw,16px);min-height:64px;position:relative}
.brand{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--disp);font-weight:var(--dw);letter-spacing:var(--dls);font-size:clamp(20px,1vw + 14px,25px);white-space:nowrap;min-height:44px}
.brand .mark{width:32px;height:32px;flex:none}
.burger{order:-1;display:none;width:44px;height:44px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;background:transparent;color:var(--ink);cursor:pointer;flex:none;padding:0}
.burger span{display:block;width:18px;height:1.5px;background:currentColor;margin:4px auto}
.nav-list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:2px}
.nv{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;min-height:44px;padding:0 12px;border:0;background:none;border-radius:999px;color:var(--text);font:600 14.5px var(--body);text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;white-space:nowrap;transition:background-color .15s ease,color .15s ease}
.nv:hover,.nv[aria-expanded="true"]{color:var(--ink);background:var(--alt)}
.nv svg{width:12px;height:12px;transition:transform .15s ease}
.nv[aria-expanded="true"] svg{transform:rotate(180deg)}
.nv:focus-visible,.ico-btn:focus-visible,.mega a:focus-visible,.burger:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--ink);outline-offset:2px}
.ni{position:relative}
.mega{display:none}
.mega a{display:flex;align-items:center;min-height:44px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink);font-weight:600;font-size:14.5px}
.mega a:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}
.mh{margin:0 0 2px;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;color:var(--accent)}
.mfig{margin:0;position:relative;border-radius:10px;overflow:hidden;min-height:170px;background:var(--alt)}
.mfig img{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover}
.ico-btn{width:44px;height:44px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:999px;background:var(--surface);color:var(--ink);cursor:pointer;place-items:center;flex:none;display:none;padding:0}
.mob-search{display:none;padding-bottom:10px}
.hd.sopen .mob-search{display:block}

/* ---------- search ---------- */
.search{position:relative;margin:0}
.search .field{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:999px;padding:0 4px 0 14px;min-height:46px}
.search .field:focus-within{outline:2px solid var(--ink);outline-offset:2px}
.search .si{width:18px;height:18px;flex:none;color:var(--muted)}
.search input{flex:1;min-width:0;border:0;background:transparent;color:var(--ink);font:inherit;font-size:16px;min-height:44px;outline:none}
.search input::placeholder{color:var(--muted)}
.search input::-webkit-search-cancel-button{-webkit-appearance:none}
.hd .search .go{display:none}
.sugg{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:calc(100% + 6px);background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;box-shadow:0 20px 50px rgba(30,25,20,.16);list-style:none;margin:0;padding:6px;z-index:40;max-height:min(380px,60vh);overflow:auto;text-align:left}
.sugg[hidden]{display:none}
.sugg li a{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:12px;min-height:44px;padding:8px 12px;border-radius:8px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink);font-size:15px;line-height:1.3}
.sugg li a span{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);text-transform:capitalize;flex:none;max-width:40%;text-align:right}
.sugg li a.active,.sugg li a:hover{background:var(--alt)}
.sugg .none{padding:12px;color:var(--muted);font-size:14px}

/* desktop header: 1100px and up */
@media (min-width:1100px){
 .hd-nav{display:block;margin-left:clamp(8px,1.4vw,20px)}
 .hd-top>.search{display:none}
 .hd-top>.s-toggle{display:inline-grid;margin-left:auto}
 .ni.mg{position:static}
 .mega:not(.small).on{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:clamp(16px,2vw,32px);position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:100%;z-index:40;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-top:0;border-radius:0 0 14px 14px;box-shadow:0 24px 50px rgba(30,30,30,.14);padding:22px 26px}
 .mega.has-fig.on{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr)) minmax(0,1.1fr)}
 .mega.small.on{display:block;position:absolute;right:0;top:calc(100% + 6px);z-index:40;min-width:240px;background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;box-shadow:0 18px 40px rgba(30,30,30,.14);padding:8px 12px}
}
@media (min-width:1320px){
 .hd-top>.search{display:block;flex:0 1 260px;margin-left:auto}
 .hd-top>.s-toggle{display:none}
 .hd-top>.search .field{min-height:44px}
}
/* phones and tablets: a menu sheet below the header search */
@media (max-width:1099px){
 .burger{display:block}
 .hd-top{position:static}
 .hd-top>.search{display:none}
 .mob-search{display:block}
 .hd-nav{display:none}
 .hd.open .hd-nav{display:block;position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:100%;z-index:40;background:var(--surface);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);box-shadow:0 18px 40px rgba(30,30,30,.14);max-height:calc(100vh - 130px);overflow:auto;padding:6px var(--gut) 14px}
 .nav-list{flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;gap:0}
 .ni{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
 .nv{width:100%;justify-content:space-between;border-radius:0;min-height:48px;padding:0 2px;background:none}
 .mega.on{display:block;padding:0 0 10px 12px}
 .mega .mfig{display:none}
 .mega .mcol{margin-bottom:6px}
}
@media (max-width:380px){.brand{font-size:18px}}

/* ---------- homepage: hero ---------- */
section.hero{position:relative;z-index:5;background:#3B3833;min-height:max(312px,calc(23.4vw + 130px));display:flex;align-items:center}
.hero-art{position:absolute;inset:0;overflow:hidden}
.hero-img{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover}
.scrim{position:absolute;inset:0;background:rgba(var(--scrim),var(--a))}
.hero-in{position:relative;z-index:2;text-align:center;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;padding-block:clamp(22px,2.6vw,40px);gap:clamp(8px,1vw,14px)}
.hero h1{color:#fff;font-size:clamp(32px,3vw + 20px,74px);letter-spacing:var(--h1ls);max-width:18ch;text-wrap:balance}
.hero h1 em{font-style:normal}
.hero .sub{color:#fff;font-weight:500;font-size:clamp(15px,.45vw + 13px,19px);line-height:1.45;margin:0;max-width:52ch;text-wrap:pretty}
.hero .search{width:min(640px,100%);margin-top:clamp(4px,.6vw,8px)}
.hero .search .field{min-height:clamp(52px,2vw + 44px,60px);padding-left:16px;border:0;background:#fff;box-shadow:0 14px 40px rgba(0,0,0,.22)}
.hero .search .field:focus-within{outline-color:#fff}
.hero .search input{color:#1F1D1A}
.hero .search input::placeholder{color:#6F6A62}
.hero .hint{margin:0;font-size:14px;color:#fff;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;align-items:center;gap:0 6px}
.hero .hint a{color:#fff;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:44px;padding:0 6px;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}

/* ---------- homepage: sections ---------- */
section.s{padding-block:var(--sec)}
section.s.first{padding-top:clamp(22px,2.4vw,36px)}
.s-alt{background:var(--alt)}
.st{max-width:760px;margin:0 0 clamp(12px,1.4vw,20px)}
.st h2{font-size:clamp(22px,.8vw + 16px,30px);text-wrap:pretty}
.st.lead h2{font-size:clamp(28px,1.6vw + 18px,42px)}
.st p{margin:6px 0 0;color:var(--muted);font-size:clamp(15px,.2vw + 14px,17px);max-width:62ch}
.more{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:44px;margin-top:clamp(6px,1vw,12px);font-weight:600;color:var(--accent);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:5px;text-decoration-color:var(--line)}
.more:hover{text-decoration-color:var(--accent)}
/* city tiles */
.tiles-wrap{container-type:inline-size}
.tiles{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:var(--gap)}
.tile{position:relative;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:flex-end;min-height:clamp(160px,17vw,250px);border-radius:var(--radius);overflow:hidden;text-decoration:none;color:#fff;isolation:isolate;background:#55504A}
.tile img.bg{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;z-index:-1;transition:transform .5s ease}
.tile:hover img.bg{transform:scale(1.03)}
.tile .tx{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding:38px clamp(14px,1.6vw,22px) clamp(14px,1.6vw,22px);background:linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(var(--scrim),0),rgba(var(--scrim),var(--a)) 22px)}
.tile b{font-family:var(--disp);font-weight:var(--dw);letter-spacing:var(--dls);font-size:clamp(21px,1.2vw + 15px,32px);line-height:1.05}
.tile .f{font-size:clamp(12.5px,.3vw + 11.5px,14px);margin-top:4px;max-width:34ch;line-height:1.35}
.tile small{display:block;font-size:12px;margin-top:2px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums lining-nums}
.nw{font-style:normal;white-space:nowrap}
@container (min-width:600px){.tiles{grid-template-columns:2fr 1fr 1fr}.tile.lead b{font-size:clamp(28px,1.4vw + 14px,38px)}}
@container (min-width:600px) and (max-width:859px){.tile{min-height:178px}}
@container (max-width:599px){.tiles{grid-template-columns:none;grid-auto-flow:column;grid-auto-columns:78%;overflow-x:auto;scroll-snap-type:x mandatory;padding-bottom:6px}.tile{scroll-snap-align:start;min-height:212px}}
.compared{margin-top:clamp(10px,1.2vw,16px)}
.cmp-h{margin:0 0 6px;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;color:var(--muted);display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap}
.cmp-h a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:44px;color:var(--accent);font-weight:600;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:var(--line);text-underline-offset:5px}
.cmp-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:var(--gap)}
.tile.sm{min-height:clamp(96px,8vw,120px)}
.tile.sm .tx{padding:32px clamp(10px,1vw,14px) clamp(10px,1vw,14px)}
.tile.sm b{font-size:clamp(17px,.6vw + 14px,22px)}
.tile.sm .f{font-size:12.5px}
@media (max-width:480px){.tile.sm .f{display:none}.tile.sm{min-height:76px}}
/* topic tabs */
.topics-block{margin-top:clamp(14px,1.6vw,24px)}
.topics-block h3{font-size:clamp(20px,.4vw + 17px,23px);margin-bottom:6px}
.tabs-scroll{overflow-x:auto;scrollbar-width:thin;margin-inline:calc(-1 * var(--gut));padding-inline:var(--gut)}
.tablist{display:flex;gap:6px;margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;width:max-content}
.tab{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:44px;padding:0 16px;border:0;background:transparent;color:var(--muted);font:600 14.5px var(--body);cursor:pointer;white-space:nowrap;border-radius:999px;transition:color .15s ease,background-color .15s ease}
.tab:hover{color:var(--ink);background:var(--alt)}
.tab[aria-selected="true"]{background:var(--ink);color:var(--surface)}
.tab:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--ink);outline-offset:2px}
.panel{background:var(--card);padding:clamp(10px,1.1vw,14px) clamp(14px,1.6vw,20px);margin-top:6px;border-radius:var(--radius);border:1px solid var(--line)}
.panel[hidden]{display:none}
.panel p{margin:0 0 4px;color:var(--text);line-height:1.45;max-width:62ch}
.panel ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(min(100%,150px),1fr));gap:0 16px}
.panel li a{display:flex;align-items:center;min-height:44px;color:var(--ink);font-weight:600;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:var(--line);text-underline-offset:5px}
.panel li a:hover{text-decoration-color:var(--accent)}
/* survey facts */
.st.lead h2.verdict{font-size:clamp(24px,1.1vw + 17px,34px);line-height:1.2;max-width:34ch;text-wrap:balance}
.facts{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(min(100%,330px),1fr));gap:var(--gap)}
.fact{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:8px;background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:clamp(14px,1.4vw,20px);text-decoration:none;color:var(--text)}
.fact:hover{border-color:var(--ink)}
.fact h3{font-size:clamp(18px,.4vw + 16px,21px);line-height:1.2}
.fact .rk{display:flex;align-items:baseline;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;font-size:14px;color:var(--text)}
.fact .rk b{font-family:var(--disp);font-weight:var(--dw);font-size:clamp(26px,1vw + 20px,34px);line-height:1;color:var(--accent);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums lining-nums}
.fact.hard .rk b{color:var(--warn)}
.fact .bar{height:4px;background:var(--line);border-radius:2px;overflow:hidden}
.fact .bar i{display:block;height:100%;background:var(--accent)}
.fact.hard .bar i{background:var(--warn)}
.fact .help{font-size:14px;line-height:1.45;color:var(--text);border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:8px}
.fact .help b{color:var(--ink)}
.fact .m{margin-top:auto;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;color:var(--accent)}
.src{font-size:.72em;color:var(--muted);vertical-align:.4em;margin-left:.08em}
.in-short{max-width:760px;margin-top:clamp(16px,2vw,26px)}
.in-short .short-answer{font-size:clamp(16px,.4vw + 14.5px,19px);line-height:1.6;color:var(--ink);margin:0;padding:14px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.in-short .short-answer strong{color:var(--accent);font-weight:700}
.in-short .byline{margin:10px 0 0;font-size:14px;color:var(--muted)}
/* community banner */
.join-b{position:relative;overflow:hidden;isolation:isolate;border-radius:var(--radius);padding:clamp(18px,2.4vw,30px) clamp(20px,3vw,40px);display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(min(100%,300px),1fr));gap:clamp(12px,2vw,28px);align-items:center;background:#3B3833}
.join-b .jb-img{position:absolute;inset:0;width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;z-index:-2}
.join-b .scrim{z-index:-1}
.join-b h2{color:#fff;font-size:clamp(24px,1.2vw + 16px,34px)}
.join-b p{color:#fff;margin:4px 0 10px;line-height:1.45;max-width:62ch}
.stats{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:10px}
.stat{border-top:1px solid var(--hair);padding-top:8px}
.stat b{display:block;font-family:var(--disp);font-weight:var(--dw);font-size:clamp(28px,1.2vw + 20px,38px);line-height:1;color:#fff;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums lining-nums}
.stat span{font-size:13px;color:#fff}
/* services */
#services .st{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:8px 24px;max-width:none;margin-bottom:10px}
.grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(min(100%,var(--min,240px)),1fr));gap:var(--gap)}
.scard{background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:clamp(14px,1.4vw,20px);display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:6px}
.scard h3{font-size:clamp(18px,.4vw + 16px,21px)}
.scard p{margin:0;color:var(--muted);font-size:15px;line-height:1.45;max-width:62ch}
.scard a.lk{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:44px;font-size:14.5px;font-weight:600;color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none;margin-top:auto}
.scard a.lk:hover{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}
.note{color:var(--muted);font-size:14px;margin:10px 0 0;max-width:70ch}
/* keys */
.keys{border-top:1px solid var(--line);--min:330px;gap:0 var(--gap)}
.key{display:block;padding:clamp(12px,1.2vw,18px) 4px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);text-decoration:none}
.key b{display:block;font-family:var(--disp);font-weight:var(--dw);letter-spacing:var(--dls);font-size:clamp(19px,.5vw + 16px,23px);color:var(--ink);line-height:1.15}
.key span{display:block;margin-top:2px;color:var(--accent);font-weight:600;font-size:14px;line-height:1.35}
.key:hover b{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:var(--line);text-underline-offset:5px}
/* guides to read first */
.posts{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:clamp(16px,2vw,24px) var(--gap)}
@media (min-width:600px){.posts{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}}
@media (min-width:1200px){.posts{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr))}}
.post{text-decoration:none;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:5px;color:var(--text)}
.post .pic{aspect-ratio:16/10;border-radius:var(--radius);overflow:hidden;background:var(--alt)}
.post .pic img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;display:block;transition:transform .5s ease}
.post:hover .pic img{transform:scale(1.03)}
.post .k{font-size:13px;color:var(--accent);font-weight:600;margin-top:4px}
.post .k::before{content:"";display:inline-block;width:6px;height:6px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--hair);margin-right:8px;vertical-align:2px}
.post h3{font-size:clamp(18px,.3vw + 16px,20px);line-height:1.2;text-wrap:pretty}
.post p{margin:0;font-size:15px;line-height:1.45;color:var(--muted)}
.more-guides{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:0 18px;margin-top:clamp(12px,1.4vw,18px);border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:6px}
.more-guides b{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted);font-weight:600;margin-right:4px}
.more-guides a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:44px;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:var(--line);text-underline-offset:5px}
@media (max-width:599px){.posts{grid-template-columns:none;grid-auto-flow:column;grid-auto-columns:80%;overflow-x:auto;scroll-snap-type:x mandatory;padding-bottom:6px}.post{scroll-snap-align:start}}
/* workbook and the full guide */
.wb{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px 24px;background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:clamp(16px,1.8vw,24px)}
.wb>div{flex:1 1 60%}
.wb h2{font-size:clamp(22px,.8vw + 16px,30px)}
.wb p{margin:6px 0 0;color:var(--text);max-width:70ch}
details.guide{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:clamp(30px,3.4vw,56px)}
details.guide>summary{list-style:none;cursor:pointer;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:2px;min-height:44px;justify-content:center;border:1px solid var(--pill-line);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:14px 18px;background:var(--surface);max-width:760px}
details.guide>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}
details.guide>summary .t{font-weight:700;color:var(--pill-ink)}
details.guide>summary .t::after{content:" +"}
details.guide[open]>summary .t::after{content:" \2212"}
details.guide>summary .m{font-size:14px;color:var(--muted)}
details.guide>summary:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--ink);outline-offset:2px}
details.guide>.article{width:100%;margin-top:clamp(18px,2.4vw,32px)}
.in-short .byline{display:block;border:0;padding:0}
.in-short .byline::before{display:none}
.badge{font-weight:600;color:var(--ink)}

/* ---------- footer ---------- */
.ft{background:var(--ft);color:var(--ftink);padding-top:clamp(22px,2.6vw,36px);border-top:1px solid var(--hair);margin-top:clamp(24px,3vw,48px)}
.home .ft{margin-top:0}
.fcols{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(min(100%,160px),1fr));gap:clamp(8px,1.6vw,24px);padding-bottom:clamp(12px,1.6vw,22px)}
.fcols h2{font-family:var(--body);font-weight:700;font-size:14px;letter-spacing:0;color:var(--ink);margin:0}
.fcols ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0 16px}
.fcols a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:44px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ftink)}
.fcols a:hover{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:underline}
.fbot{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:8px 16px;flex-wrap:wrap;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:10px 0 4px;font-size:13px}
.fbot .slogan{font-family:var(--disp);font-weight:var(--dw);letter-spacing:var(--dls);font-size:clamp(17px,1vw + 12px,22px);color:var(--ink)}
.fine{font-size:12.5px;margin:0;padding:4px 0 6px;line-height:1.5}
.fine:last-child{padding-bottom:28px}
.fine a{color:inherit}
@media (max-width:899px){.fcols{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:4px 16px}}

/* ---------- article pages: the article template, unchanged markup, new type and colour ---------- */
.pg main{padding:clamp(24px,3.4vw,52px) 0 clamp(20px,3vw,40px)}
.article{width:min(100% - 2*var(--gut),1240px);margin-inline:auto;display:grid;grid-auto-flow:row dense;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,44rem) 15.5rem;column-gap:clamp(2.5rem,5vw,5rem);justify-content:center}
.article>*{grid-column:1;min-width:0}
.article p,.article li{max-width:68ch}
.eyebrow{display:flex;gap:.7rem;align-items:center;font:600 .95rem/1.2 var(--body);color:var(--accent);margin:0 0 1rem}
.eyebrow span{font-weight:500;color:var(--muted)}
.eyebrow span::before{content:"";display:inline-block;width:4px;height:4px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--hair);vertical-align:middle;margin:0 .7rem 0 0}
.article>h1{font-size:clamp(2.1rem,2.6vw + 1.3rem,3.6rem);line-height:1.05;letter-spacing:var(--h1ls);max-width:18ch;margin:0 0 1.1rem;text-wrap:balance}
.byline{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.75rem;margin:0 0 2rem;padding-bottom:1.4rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font:500 .92rem/1.5 var(--body);color:var(--muted)}
.byline::before{content:"VE";flex:none;width:2.3rem;height:2.3rem;border-radius:50%;display:grid;place-items:center;font:700 .78rem var(--body);color:#fff;background:var(--pill-solid)}
.byline[data-initials]::before{content:attr(data-initials)}
.byline.has-photo::before{display:none}
.byline .byav{width:2.5rem;height:2.5rem;border-radius:50%;object-fit:cover;flex:none;box-shadow:0 0 0 2px var(--bg),0 0 0 3px var(--hair)}
.short-answer{margin:0 0 2.4rem;color:var(--ink)}
.short-answer.sa0{font-size:1.2rem;line-height:1.6;border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:1.1rem 0}
.short-answer strong{font-weight:700;color:var(--accent)}
.sa1 .lead{font:var(--dw) clamp(1.6rem,1.6vw + 1.1rem,2.2rem)/1.2 var(--disp);letter-spacing:var(--dls);color:var(--ink);margin:0;max-width:none}
.sa1 .lead strong{font-weight:inherit;font-style:italic;color:var(--accent)}
.sa1 ol{list-style:none;margin:1.1rem 0 0;padding:0}
.sa1 li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:3rem 1fr;gap:.6rem;padding:.9rem 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);max-width:none;font-size:1.04rem;line-height:1.6}
.sa1 li:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.sa1 .n{font:var(--dw) 2.1rem/1 var(--disp);color:var(--accent)}
.sa1 b{color:var(--ink);font-weight:700}
.key-facts{margin:0 0 2.6rem;padding:1.4rem 1.5rem 1rem;background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius)}
.key-facts>p{display:block;font:var(--dw) 1.4rem/1.15 var(--disp);letter-spacing:var(--dls);color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 .8rem}
.key-facts>p strong{font-weight:inherit}
.key-facts dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(8.5rem,.3fr) 1fr;gap:0;margin:0}
.key-facts dt,.key-facts dd{padding:.8rem 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin:0}
.key-facts dt{font:700 .95rem/1.4 var(--body);color:var(--ink);padding-right:1rem}
.key-facts dd{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.55;color:var(--text)}
.toc{margin:0 0 2.6rem}
.toc>p{font:var(--dw) 1.3rem/1.15 var(--disp);letter-spacing:var(--dls);color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 .7rem}
.toc>p strong{font-weight:inherit}
.toc ol{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;counter-reset:t}
.toc li{counter-increment:t;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.6rem 1fr;align-items:center;margin:0;font:500 .92rem/1.35 var(--body)}
.toc li::before{content:counter(t);font:var(--dw) .95rem/1.35 var(--disp);color:var(--accent)}
.toc a{color:var(--text);text-decoration:none;display:flex;align-items:center;min-height:44px;padding:.25rem 0}
.toc a:hover{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}
.toc-toggle{font:600 .85rem var(--body);color:var(--muted);background:none;border:0;padding:0 .2rem;cursor:pointer;min-height:44px;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:.2em;display:none}
@media (min-width:1061px){.toc.card{grid-column:2;grid-row:1 / span 80;align-self:start;position:sticky;top:88px;margin:0;padding:0 0 0 1.4rem;border-left:1px solid var(--line);max-height:calc(100vh - 110px);overflow:auto;background:none;border-radius:0;border-top:0;border-right:0;border-bottom:0}}
@media (max-width:1060px){.article{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,44rem)}.toc.card{padding:1.1rem 1.3rem;background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius)}.toc>p{display:inline-block}.toc-toggle{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;float:right;margin-top:-.6rem}.toc ol{columns:2;column-gap:2rem}.toc li{break-inside:avoid}}
@media (max-width:640px){.toc ol{columns:1}}
.article-body{font-size:1.1rem;line-height:1.72}
.article-body>p{margin:0 0 1.1rem}
.article-body>h2:first-child{margin-top:0}
.article-body h2{font-size:clamp(1.7rem,1.2vw + 1.2rem,2.3rem);line-height:1.12;margin:3.2rem 0 1rem;padding-top:1.4rem;border-top:1px solid var(--line);text-wrap:balance}
.article-body h2+p{font-size:1.16rem;color:var(--ink)}
.article-body h3{font:700 1.15rem/1.35 var(--body);color:var(--ink);letter-spacing:0;margin:2rem 0 .5rem}
.article-body a:not(.source-marker){color:var(--accent);text-decoration-color:var(--line);text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:.18em}
.article-body a:not(.source-marker):hover{text-decoration-color:var(--accent)}
.article-body ul{padding-left:1.2rem}
.article-body li{margin:.4rem 0}
.article-body li::marker{color:var(--accent)}
.article-body ol{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:1.2rem 0 1.6rem;counter-reset:bl}
.article-body ol>li{counter-increment:bl;position:relative;padding:.9rem 0 .9rem 3.4rem;margin:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);min-height:3rem}
.article-body ol>li:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.article-body ol>li::before{content:counter(bl);position:absolute;left:0;top:.75rem;font:var(--dw) 2rem/1 var(--disp);color:var(--accent)}
.article-body strong{font-weight:700;color:var(--ink)}
.article-body p.src-note{font-size:.88rem;line-height:1.55;font-style:italic;color:var(--muted);margin-top:-.3rem}
.source-marker{font-size:.72em;line-height:1;color:var(--muted);vertical-align:.42em;margin-left:.08em;text-decoration:none;display:inline-block;min-width:1.1em;text-align:center}
.source-marker:hover{color:var(--accent);text-decoration:underline}
.sa1 .src{font-size:.72em;color:var(--muted);vertical-align:.42em}
table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;margin:1.6rem 0 .6rem;background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);font-size:.95rem;line-height:1.5;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
th,td{text-align:left;padding:.75rem .9rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);vertical-align:top}
th{font:700 .88rem/1.35 var(--body);color:var(--ink);background:var(--alt)}
td:first-child{font-weight:700;color:var(--ink)}
tbody tr:last-child td{border-bottom:0}
.article-body table+p{font-size:.86rem;color:var(--muted)}
@media (max-width:760px){table{display:block;overflow-x:auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}th,td{min-width:8.5rem}}
figure.photo{margin:1.8rem 0 2rem;max-width:100%}
figure.photo img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:3/2;object-fit:cover;border-radius:var(--radius)}
figure.photo figcaption{margin-top:.45rem;font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.4;font-style:italic;color:var(--muted)}
figure.photo .credit{font-style:normal;margin-left:.25rem}
figure.photo .credit a{color:inherit;text-underline-offset:2px}
figure.photo.hero{margin:0 0 2.2rem}
figure.photo.hero img{aspect-ratio:16/9}
/* Stock section photos (Ken 2026-11-13): real aspect from width and height, no caption, portrait shots kept narrow */
figure.photo.stock img{aspect-ratio:auto}
figure.photo.stock.tall{max-width:440px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}
.byline .byav-logo{object-fit:contain;background:#0E0E0E}
/* charts drawn by the page script from each page's own tables: flat faces, no gradients */
.viz{margin:2rem 0 1rem;padding:1.5rem 1.4rem 1.2rem;border-radius:var(--radius);background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line)}
.viz h4{font:var(--dw) 1.4rem/1.15 var(--disp);letter-spacing:var(--dls);color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 .25rem}
.viz .cap{font-size:.85rem;line-height:1.4;color:var(--muted);margin:0}
.prisms{display:flex;align-items:flex-end;gap:clamp(.9rem,3.2vw,2.4rem);height:250px;padding:44px 22px 0 6px;margin-top:.6rem}
.pr{flex:1 1 0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;min-width:0;height:100%;justify-content:flex-end}
.blk{position:relative;width:100%;max-width:118px;height:var(--h);background:var(--c1);border-radius:2px 0 0 2px;display:flex;align-items:flex-end;padding:.55rem .6rem}
.blk::before{content:"";position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:-16px;height:16px;background:var(--c0);transform:skewX(-45deg);transform-origin:0 100%}
.blk::after{content:"";position:absolute;top:0;left:100%;width:16px;height:100%;background:var(--c3);transform:skewY(-45deg);transform-origin:0 0}
.blk .num{font:var(--dw) 2rem/1 var(--disp);color:#fff;position:relative;z-index:1}
.blk .val{position:absolute;left:0;right:-16px;top:-46px;text-align:center;font:700 1rem var(--body);color:var(--ink);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.pr .lb{margin-top:.8rem;font:700 .88rem/1.3 var(--body);color:var(--ink);text-align:center;max-width:14ch}
.pr .sub{font-size:.78rem;line-height:1.3;color:var(--muted);text-align:center}
.floor{height:1px;margin:0 -6px;background:var(--line)}
@media (max-width:560px){.prisms{height:200px;gap:.7rem;padding-right:18px}.blk .num{font-size:1.5rem}.pr .lb{font-size:.78rem}}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion:no-preference){.viz .blk{animation:rise .9s cubic-bezier(.2,.7,.2,1) both}@keyframes rise{from{height:8px}}}
.steps{margin:2.4rem 0}
.step-card{background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:1.2rem 1.3rem;margin:1rem 0}
.step-card h2{font-size:clamp(1.4rem,.8vw + 1.1rem,1.8rem);margin:0 0 .6rem}
.step-label{color:var(--accent)}
.step-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:.6rem 1.2rem}
.step-grid p{margin:.2rem 0;font-size:1rem}
.steps>.card{display:block}
.steps>.card p{color:var(--text);font-size:1rem}
.verification{margin:3rem 0 0}
.verification h2{font-size:clamp(1.7rem,1.2vw + 1.2rem,2.3rem);border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:1.4rem;margin:0 0 .4rem}
.verification ul{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0;counter-reset:q}
.verification li{counter-increment:q;display:grid;grid-template-columns:2.4rem 1fr;column-gap:.4rem;padding:1rem 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin:0;max-width:none}
.verification li::before{content:counter(q);grid-row:1 / span 2;font:var(--dw) 1.5rem/1 var(--disp);color:var(--accent)}
.verification li b{display:block;color:var(--ink);font-weight:700;margin-bottom:.15rem}
.faq{margin-top:2.4rem}
.faq>h2{font-size:clamp(1.7rem,1.2vw + 1.2rem,2.3rem);border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:1.4rem;margin:0 0 .4rem}
.faq-item{margin:0;padding:1.15rem 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.faq-item h3{font:700 1.12rem/1.4 var(--body);letter-spacing:0;color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 .35rem}
.faq-item p{margin:0;font-size:1.02rem;line-height:1.68}
.related.card{margin:2.6rem 0;padding:0;background:none;border:0;border-radius:0}
.related>strong{display:block;font:var(--dw) 1.3rem/1.15 var(--disp);letter-spacing:var(--dls);color:var(--ink);margin:0 0 .8rem}
.related p{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.5rem;margin:0;max-width:none}
.related p a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:44px;font-weight:600;font-size:.92rem;color:var(--pill-ink);text-decoration:none;border:1px solid var(--pill-line);border-radius:999px;padding:0 1rem;background:var(--pill-bg)}
.related p a:hover{background:var(--pill-bg-h)}
.cta{background:var(--pill-solid);color:#fff;border-radius:var(--radius);padding:clamp(1.3rem,2.4vw,2rem);margin:3rem 0}
.cta strong{display:block;font:var(--dw) clamp(1.6rem,1.4vw + 1.1rem,2.3rem)/1.15 var(--disp);letter-spacing:var(--dls);color:#fff;margin-bottom:.4rem;max-width:20ch}
.cta p{color:#fff;margin:0;font-size:1.04rem;max-width:44ch}
.cta a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:44px;margin-top:1rem;background:#fff;color:var(--pill-solid);padding:0 1.2rem;border-radius:999px;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none}
.cta a:hover{background:#F2F0EC}
.cta a:focus-visible{outline-color:#fff}
.authors{margin:3rem 0 0}
.author-card{display:grid;grid-template-columns:4rem 1fr;gap:1.1rem;align-items:start;margin:0;padding:1.4rem 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.author-card+.author-card{border-top:0}
.author-card .av{width:4rem;height:4rem;border-radius:50%;display:grid;place-items:center;font:700 1.1rem var(--body);color:#fff;background:var(--pill-solid);object-fit:cover}
img.av{box-shadow:0 0 0 3px var(--bg),0 0 0 4px var(--hair)}
.author-card p{margin:0;max-width:none}
.author-card .an{font:var(--dw) 1.45rem/1.15 var(--disp);letter-spacing:var(--dls);color:var(--ink)}
.author-card .ar{font-weight:600;font-size:.9rem;color:var(--accent);margin:.2rem 0 .6rem}
.author-card .ab{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.65}
.sources{margin-top:3rem;padding-top:1.4rem;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.sources h2{font-size:1.5rem;margin:0 0 1rem}
.sources ol{font-size:.86rem;line-height:1.6;columns:2;column-gap:2.4rem;padding-left:1.3rem;margin:0}
.sources li{break-inside:avoid;margin:0 0 .7rem;color:var(--muted)}
.sources li::marker{color:var(--accent);font-weight:700}
.sources a{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600;text-decoration-color:var(--line);text-underline-offset:2px}
@media (max-width:640px){.sources ol{columns:1}}
.made{display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:flex-start;background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);padding:14px 16px;margin:1.2rem 0}
.made img{width:36px;height:36px;border-radius:50%;object-fit:cover;flex:none}
.made p{margin:0;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--text);max-width:none}
.made b{color:var(--ink)}
footer.disclosure{margin-top:2.4rem;padding-top:1.2rem;border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-size:.86rem;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted)}
footer.disclosure p{margin:.2rem 0}
@media (max-width:640px){.article>h1{font-size:2.15rem}.key-facts{padding:1.1rem}.key-facts dl{grid-template-columns:1fr}.key-facts dt{border-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0}.key-facts dd{border-top:0;padding-top:.2rem}.step-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.cta{padding:1.4rem}}

/* ---------- 404 ---------- */
.nf{padding-block:clamp(40px,8vw,110px)}
.nf h1{font-size:clamp(32px,2.6vw + 20px,56px);margin-bottom:12px}
.nf p{max-width:52ch;color:var(--text)}
.nf .search{max-width:560px;margin:18px 0}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*,*::before,*::after{transition:none!important;animation:none!important;scroll-behavior:auto!important}html{scroll-behavior:auto}.tile:hover img.bg,.post:hover .pic img{transform:none}}
@media print{.hd,.ft,.toc-toggle,.cta,.skip{display:none}body{background:#fff;color:#000}.key-facts,.step-card{border:1px solid #bbb;break-inside:avoid}a{color:#000;text-decoration:none}.article{display:block}}

/* treatment extras */
.hero h1{font-variation-settings:"opsz" 60}
.st h2,.post h3,.scard h3,.article h1,.article-body h2{font-variation-settings:"opsz" 40}